第二十八章 审爵授田(2 / 2)

季汉彰武 陈瑞聪 1536 字 2023-09-02

但结果出乎陈冲意料,此次审爵竟颇为顺利,朝野中虽确有怨望,推行上却少有阻力。

但细思其中缘由,倒也不难理解。毕竟关中历经羌乱、董卓、吕布三次大乱,不止百姓离乱,便连望族积蓄也为之一空,而关东前来投奔朝廷的,自然也得重置田产,并无太大势力。加之爵位泛滥后,与之相配的恩赏早已名存实亡,如今重新计爵,还能再授新田,实在是两利之事。

唯一切实有影响的,还要数国家旧朝高官。诸如韩融等国家老臣,他们长在太平岁月,在朝中地方做事,并无多少机会立功。故而重新审爵后,多降爵四五等,他们出诟病,在清议中说什么,陈冲薄待老臣这种话,自然也是难免的。故而陈冲也相应做出权衡让步,老臣爵位虽夺,但此前的爵禄并不削减,待他人百年之后,再于子孙两代内逐级削没。如此一来,老臣也无话可说了。

不过如此大规模的行政改制,就颇显得眼下官员捉襟见肘,一时间,各州郡间都声称要增加吏员。陈冲借此机会,同样也在郡府内改革人事,一是令郡府收集各县乡新增官吏名单,尽数上报司隶府,其官吏俸禄由司隶府专额发放,郡府不得擅自增裁。而这些吏员在行令之前,也需先到长安司隶府中研读律令,才能再回乡县中展开政务。且相关桉牍一式三份,一份直送司隶府备桉。

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除此之外,陈冲又以诸葛亮为功曹从事,改革国内所有功曹事务。

自桓灵以来,察举制颇受世人诟病。察举察觉,顾名思义,就是靠郡守高官赏识推举来选取人才,孝武皇帝时,世宗独握神器,百官谨慎守业,确实推举了极多人才,主父偃、桑弘羊等智士,皆由推举而仕。但光武中兴以后,察举的弊病便逐渐增多了。

一是因为地方大族往往荫蔽相护,州郡高官也贪慕钱财收受贿赂,就推举一些名不副实的大族子弟。十常侍之流便是如此推举自家子弟,来掌握朝政。二是察举推行已久,制度逐渐死板,世人便设法投机取巧,比如桓帝时便有着名孝子赵宣,葬亲却不闭墓道,自己住在里面,服丧二十多年,乡邑都称他的孝行,以为当举孝廉。结果名相陈藩查其家室,发现有五子女生于服丧时期。这令陈藩勃然大怒,以赵宣“寝宿冢藏,而孕育其中,诳时惑众,诬污鬼神”为由,将其下狱治罪。这还仅是其中一例。故而到了桓灵之时,民间一度曾有“举秀才,不知书。举孝廉,父别居。寒素清白浊如泥,高第良将怯如鸡。”的童谣。

到陈冲执政后,他精心整顿吏治,郡守察举颇有好转,推举的人才法正、韦端等人也确实有才。但这也免不了有地方勾结的诟病,陈冲自己心中也有察觉,这几年来,地方推举的大族人才与日俱增,寒士却日渐稀少。可见察举旧制到底难堪大用,故而陈冲打算将其闲置,转而从功曹中另想他法。

功曹从事在州郡中历来负责考察成果,记录实绩,以此助长官选用人才,故而掌管州郡文书,被称为治中从事。陈冲便在各郡功曹中另设左右中正,均由司隶府直接任命,财权、人事、桉牍都由司隶府发放,实际不受州郡节制。中正负责巡视州郡,密查地方优劣士,报备于司隶府,而州郡推举贤良,则与中正桉牍相对照,二者相合者取用,缺一不取。除此之外,中正还负责考量百官的道德品行。若在密查过程中,发现有收受贿赂、欺压百姓、中饱私囊等行为的,一律上报司隶府,按律严惩。

值得一提的是,这一年陈冲的改制,并不局限于两府之中。诸如三镇人马、南匈奴、拓跋鲜卑、羌氐义从,均在此次的户田三令、审爵令范围之内。不论胡汉华夷,只要愿意入户,均予以授田,认爵。

南匈奴自中平元年以来就追随陈冲,各部族首领也在晋阳霸府中任有官职,故此次计爵机会,除去极少数部族外,如赫连、宇文、独孤、呼延、沮渠诸匈奴大部,都同意入籍并州,加上沙州、凉州等地并入的鲜卑羌氐,短短一年内,西朝竟得户三十七万,丁口一百八十三万。

征西一役后,炎兴十二年再无战事,但陈冲此岁大刀阔斧的改制,却极为令人瞩目。时人有将诸项新政比之于吴起卫鞅变法的,以为能富国强民,也有将其比作王莽更改国体的,将于天下引起祸乱,至于孰是孰非,倒也无关紧要。改革的评价,历来只有时间能够检验。

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