第二十八章 审爵授田(1 / 2)

季汉彰武 陈瑞聪 1536 字 2023-09-02

炎兴十一年腊月,关羽征西大胜、重设都护府的消息传回长安,举朝欢欣。尚书台特为此颁布庆令,不仅开夜禁七日,又送满城百姓两斤干肉,京兆所有百姓减税三成。此令一下,西京顿为熙攘,红灯如盖,烛火如云,爆竹之声夜夜不绝,好似污厄尽去,否极泰来,一片盛世景象。

此事对朝野的影响极大,原本关东数战无功,令两府颇失威信。但征西一战功成,郡望顿为收心。如此前毁谤的祢衡,便也来表庆贺。即便是被软禁的天子得闻,亦主动到太庙中告祭先祖,对皇后欢笑说:“征伐西域,自古便是武功盛事,能发生在我朝,我也不愧为刘氏子孙了。”

陈冲更是大喜,他与刘备传信说:“此战得胜,足可见改制成效,若能推行诸军,勤于编练,何愁不能大胜东贼!”自从太学忆旧后,他继续改制的心情变得迫切,而征西大胜,也如及时雨一般,为陈冲扫平了朝中原本阻止改制的托词。

炎兴十二年(公元204年)二月,天子与朝官出百里至武功处,如迎天子凯旋一般迎接归来的上林军。得见关羽与同行而来的西域三十四国使者与人质后,他为关羽奉酒笑道:“云长所向,无有敌手,虽冯异、吴汉之徒,亦弗如远甚!”而沿路众人看关羽澹然接过,捋须一饮而尽的豪迈仪态,无不为其英姿折服,暗下里都议论说:“关君侯,真美髯公也!武人风采,于斯为甚!”

在万众收心的前提下,陈冲归朝后,立刻开展第二轮变法。若说第一轮变法乃是明修刑罚,颁布《甘棠律》,那第二轮变法,便是针对民生税赋。

此前国家屡次颁布法令,聚众在荒地中屯田,而耕种数年后,便可转为私田。但这都是用于安置俘虏与流民,虽然牵扯甚广,但并未形成制度。而屯田一事,只能用于战乱之时,现下关陇稳定,百姓安居,要再组织屯田,也就难以招到人手了,国家想要开垦荒地,就必须另寻他法。

于是陈冲在尚书台中审议后,最终颁布了授田令、拓田令、返田令与审爵令。

授田令之出,是为安泰民生,激励军士。朝中决议根据户口与功爵再授田:自炎兴十二年始,国中每有男丁年满十六,皆当授田五十亩,税有二公。此五十亩称为本田,不能交易。若能提升功爵,国家可当依爵授田,二十级爵位,最低授田百亩,最高授田四十顷,这些授田被称为功田,税为一公。这些功田可供买卖,但子孙袭爵后,降级一等,多余功田将由国家收回。

拓田令乃是鼓励农人开垦而发:全国所有立户男丁,向乡亭报备后,除去国家授予的土地外,均可再拓田百亩,所拓田亩课税减半二十载。若是当地无田可拓,可上报县中,等价移地到小县荒土,再行拓田。但从兼并角度考虑,拓田不许买卖,亦不能传子。田主若死,则拓田收回国家。

返田令则是限田令,旨在防止地方做大:朝中令各郡县官员审核百姓田亩,无爵至多占田三百亩,军功者拥田,亦不得过功田之倍。如今若有过者,当按律返田,而地方郡府也将以市价赎买,转为公田,再招县民开垦。若有隐瞒不报、匿田隐田者,户主入罪,匿田征收。

审爵令则是二轮变法的重中之重。户田三令无不与功爵制度相关,而若按此前国家的功爵制度,则实在难以实行。毕竟功爵世袭,而汉法宽失,积两汉四百年之战事,如何不叫功爵泛滥,国职荒怠?故而眼下重核功爵,已是势在必行。陈冲由此在尚书台中提议,当下国家的所有丁户,废除父辈功爵,后以个人功过重新计爵。

审爵一事陈冲筹划已久,自炎兴元年便欲推行,但他也心知,审爵令定会在朝野掀起极大波澜,所以一直延宕。毕竟夺人爵位,如同割肉,世人不喜,实在是理所应当,然而对社稷而言,空爵便如同脓血臭疮,不得不剜。故而他原本打算,在国家一统后,再缓缓实行。但炎兴六年后东西分裂,短时间难分胜负。他又觉年岁渐大,时不我待,故而下定决心,终于在今年实行。

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