第一百一十一章 奉票历史(1 / 2)

才到下午,奉票的资料就发到了林登万的驻地。</p>

饶是林登万处理信息资料的速度一目十行,也花了半天功夫才看了个大概。</p>

此时已经接近四点,前出侦查的骑兵部队回来汇报,俄军方面仍然在修缮铁路,几十人还在试图将被摧毁的装甲列车拖走。</p>

但是碍于车厢太重,俄军始终奈何不得装甲车厢。</p>

林登万得到汇报后也没觉得异常,而是继续钻研奉票的资料去了。</p>

.</p>

在抽查奉票历年来发行资料,以及每年的币值资料后,林登万才知道现在面临情况之严重。</p>

要说纸币,中国是很早就开始使用的。从北宋时期便有‘交子’的存在。后来在民间也有大量的钱庄发行自己的银票。</p>

但是东北地区的奉票溯源却要从庚子赔款产生的通货紧缩,以及日俄两国发行纸钞对东北进行的经济掠夺,最终导致清末的‘奉天官银号’的诞生说起。</p>

在东北的辽宁营口开埠以后,东北与外国的经贸往来日益频繁。</p>

例如美国鹰洋,英国‘站人银元’墨西哥银元等等货币纷纷进入中国。</p>

在甲午,日俄两次战争后。日俄两国为了适应战争的需要,各自发行了纸币。</p>

(铸造,发行货币也是国家主权的一种。日俄此举是在侵犯中国主权。)</p>

俄国的道胜银行,日本的正金银行,朝鲜银行等等。分别在东北发行了俄国卢布劵,与日本‘军用票’。</p>

清朝官员魏震在《南满旅行日记》中记载1905年9月,魏震前往长白山考察林业。‘沿途所经之地区,多为日军所盘踞。携带中国货币反受阻不能使用,没到一处,食膳,住宿,交通用费,必须换人日本军用票才能通用......日本侵华军驻扎奉天军政官小山,公然张贴布告‘定日本军票一元,合中国银元一元,命令全省地方钱粮均用该票收纳’........日本军用票已反客为主。’</p>

‘日俄两强不必兵戎相见,即此操纵财权,而我已成坐以待毙之势。’</p>

在俄国道胜银行倒闭后,俄国人发行的货币便再也无法兑换,钱变成了纸。</p>

日俄两国在东北强制推行纸币,不仅掠夺了大量资源。也给中国老百姓带来了无穷的灾难。</p>

此外,在1900年,庚子赔款要求中国赔偿4.5亿两白银。按0.4%的年息,分39年还清。实际赔偿额度达到了9.8亿两。一时间中国白银大量外流,此举对于使用白银作为货币的清朝来说。更是雪上加霜。</p>

即使农民有粮食,却不能换来白银缴税。</p>

一来为了应对日俄纸币对东北地区的经济掠夺,二来为了缓解庚子赔款造成的白银外流。</p>

朝廷只好筹款建立金融机构,印制纸钞。以图抵制日俄两国的货币。清朝便开始建立‘奉天官银号’。</p>

光绪三十一年,张作霖的义父,赵尔巽决定‘谙练商情之人,在于省城,创设官银号一所’这家官银号,便是奉天官银号。</p>

奉天官银号所发行的货币,便是奉票。</p>

奉票种类繁杂,林登万所查到的种类便有三十二种。</p>

早期曾发行的钱票,银两票,银元票都已经作废。</p>

银元票</p>

1912年,到1917年前后,奉票所发行的货币种类为小洋票与大洋票。</p>

小洋票可以兑换小银元,是当时东北最为流行的纸币之一。因为币值比较小,用起来方便又灵活。广受好评。</p>

(这里普及一下准备金的概念)</p>

(客户在银行存了两百万元,银行自己有一百万元。银行在三百万中拿出两百五十万放贷。剩下五十万准备让客户取钱,这五十万就是准备金。)</p>

(因为客户不会同时来取钱,所以银行可以盈利。如果所有客户同时过来取钱,那么就会发生挤兑。除非国家介入,否则任何银行都不可能在无限制的挤兑下生存)</p>

但是这时候正值第一次世界大战,西方各国限制了贵重金属出口。导致国内白银价格上涨。</p>

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