第十三章 金陵钞(1 / 2)

南明汹涌 杜春秋 1082 字 2022-04-27

通过税收、债券泡沫、清欠和勒索清廷,李存真终于在吴王二年也就是满清康熙二年攒够了四万万两白银,这些白银是用来做货币发行的准备金的。

当韩瑾瑜告诉他手中控制的白银数量达到四万万两的时候,李存真高兴地跳了起来,他梦寐以求的“金融帝国”就要开始了。

九月一日,明李通过各大银行向公众公开发行纸币,准备金就是白银。可以说,李存真比大宋朝廷还要厚道,宋廷发行纸币的准备金是铁钱,而李存真却是白花花的银子,难道不够厚道吗?

这一次发行的纸币为了和此前宋元明各代各时期的纸币交子、会子、钞票、中统钞、宝钞等作区分,且政权在南京,故而称之为金陵钞或金陵币。

纸币的发行已经酝酿了一年多了,在韩临东活着的时候就已经开始了。从大的方针,货币政策,锚定硬通货,如何发行,小到纸币细节,用纸用墨用工都已经一一讨论清楚。等的就是充足的准备金,四万万两白银。

明李发行的纸币,全部都是竖版且从右到左读取,最大面额为一千元,其次为五百元、一百元、五十元、二十元、拾元、伍元、两元和一元。比一元再小便没有纸币了,交易需要用五铢钱。明李规定,十个五铢钱为一元。纸币用汉语、蒙古语、藏语、壮语和维吾尔语五种语言文字,不过还是以汉字为主。数字使用的是印度人发明的阿拉伯数字和汉字大写数字。

纸币制作非常精美,但没有李存真等人的头像在上面,都是中国历代先贤和圣人,包括大禹成汤周文王周武王,老子孔子墨子韩非子、秦皇汉武唐宗宋祖,甚至还有隋文帝杨坚和一代天骄成吉思汗。没有使用炎帝黄帝蚩尤,盘古女娲火神祝融是李存真考虑到以后万一出现货币泡沫要发行两千、五千和一万元的货币的时候没准得劳烦这几位祖宗。

纸币的纸张为特制,有专门的地方种植秸秆供给。这种纸张本身就十分坚韧,抗揉搓,刷上油墨之后便起到一定防水的效果,当然如果长期浸泡还是会被泡烂。不过,由于用墨较为讲究,所以不容易受潮变质,在阳光下绚烂夺目,显得十分精美。以上特性保证了纸币的实用性。

金陵钞厉害的地方在于防伪。印刷使用的是凹版印刷法,能够细腻地表现印刷的制感。朝廷直接叫停了所有民间使用的凹版印刷的机器,并且命令禁止凹版印刷。

凹版印刷是使整个印版表面也就是印版滚筒全版面涂满油墨,然后用特制的刮墨刀,把空白部分的油墨刮除干净,使油墨只存留在文字图画部分的网穴之中,然后再在较大的压力作用下,将油墨转移到承印物表面,获得印刷品。凹版印刷属于直接印刷。

此时,明李凹版印刷使用的是手工雕刻凹版。让老师傅用刻刀在印版滚筒的表面按照原稿图文进行手工雕刻制成的,印版材料用的是铜板。手工劳动繁重,制版费用大,周期长。第一版纸币师父足足雕刻了八个月。但是手工雕刻的凹版线条清晰,印刷品层次感强,难以伪造。

古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特说过:人不可能两次踏入同一条河流。手工雕刻凹版,就算是同一个师父也不可能两次雕刻的都一样,更何况他人?

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