第章 兼容共济(2 / 2)

“这……从未见过,寺庙中供奉道家护法神的。”几个人相互看看,王应麟摇头道。

“是不是因为此前此为道观,后来改建为庙宇,没有拆除呢?”谢枋得疑惑地道。

“这个容易,一问便知!”赵昺喝口茶,指指马端临说道。

他们进入客寮后,闲杂人皆被挡在院外,马端临在院外寻了一个老僧问过后,又回到院中忍俊不止的笑着道:“吾问过寺中僧人,据其言,因为传说佛家护法韦陀因犯了杀戒,被地藏菩萨罢去护法之职,转而由王灵官护持。”

“哈哈……”众人听了皆笑,这个理由实在是有些牵强。但是在座的除了倪亮,恐怕也都明白了,和尚们将王灵官供奉在庙宇中,其真意只怕是为了吸引道教信众,从而将他们发展成自己的信徒。

“宗杲,大家想必应该知晓是何人吧!”笑过之后,赵昺再问道。

“宗杲乃是我朝名僧,为禅宗五家之一的临济宗传人。其与高宗朝礼部侍郎张九成友善,结为方外之宾,不肯阿谀逢迎右丞相秦桧。后因张九成因不肯轻易附和金人和议之事,招致秦桧忌恨。绍兴十一年,张九成到径山拜访并问道于宗杲禅师,在他们谈论时事政局时,宗杲作诗曰:神臂弓一发,透过于重甲,衲僧门下看,当甚臭皮袜。”王应麟言道。

“其意本是说韩世忠广造克敌弓以备破金之事,但是秦桧听说后,认为这是在影射他投降和议,于是罗列张九成,宗杲两人谤讪朝政的罪名,加以迫害。宗杲被毁牒剥衣,除去僧籍,先发配至衡州,后又再次流徙到梅州。绍兴二十五年冬,才蒙恩北还。次年,复其袈裟,重入僧籍,十一月诏住阿育王寺。二十八年诏令重返径山,天下弟子听到消息,纷纷归来护持道场。孝宗即位,赐号大慧禅师,圆寂后赐谥号普觉。”

“宗杲与九华山佛徒虽皆是佛家弟子,但是其归属禅宗,而他们却能盛邀宗杲前来讲禅法,并得到九华诸位高僧的认可,打破门派之见吸纳禅法。后又有曹洞宗传入九华山。但是这不仅没有削弱其在信众中的地位,反而使其名声大噪,迎来更多的信众来投。”赵昺言道。

“嗯,吾明白了,九华僧众结交我朝官员,与名人雅士吟诗唱和,其意除了提高名望外,也是意在吸收儒家经义。”谢枋得拍案道。

“正是,因而九华山佛教繁盛,绝非是偶然。而道家却因为故步自封,墨守成规,不肯兼容并济,终于被挤出了这块福地,消失于无名,道观也被庙宇代替。”赵昺言道。

“五哥儿,吾有些不解,既然这些僧众既然能兼容并济,吸收儒法,且又能造福地方,为何仍然要收其庙产,裁减僧众?”陈识时问道。

“我朝以武开国,以儒立国。而释道昌盛,会当如何?”不等赵昺回到,王应麟反问道。

“自当予以限制!”陈识时马上回答道。

“蒙元崇尚佛教,统治江南十余年,广赐田产于寺庙,释家得以进一步发展,各地寺院广收门徒,庙产众多,实力大增。”王英麟接着道,“大批百姓投入寺庙,使得兵源减少,田地无人耕种,人口难以繁衍,对我朝损害甚大。且一旦他们不服王法,便会唆使大批信众与官府对抗,政令难以通行。因此必须削弱他们的实力,而收其寺产,限制僧额,余者还俗,就能使其难以继续壮大,没有实力与朝廷对抗。”

“哦,五哥儿今日不肯布施一文,却肯用钱百贯买茶,是不是因为觉得他们因为收田、减额之策已有效果,使得和尚们不得不另辟蹊径获取钱财,结果反而恶了香客、信众。”陈识时恍然道。

“呵呵……”赵昺笑而未答,但显然已经默认了其的答案。

“五哥儿,若是因为僧众勒索香客,以致信徒骤减,会不会导致商贾利益受损,从而使得百姓生计难以为继呢?”卢旭问道。他作为父母官,税赋收入也是考核的一项重要内容,若是因此导致税收减少,岂不也让自己难做啊!

“如何能既能限制释家尾大不掉,又能保证朝廷政令畅通,百姓仍能赖此为生。这其中如何取舍,就要考验你这个父母官的智慧了!”赵昺笑道……

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