第69章 活字印刷术(2 / 2)

想到这一方法后,毕舁立刻着手实践起来。他经过不断实验,反复摸索,最后还是决定用泥巴,不同的是,他在泥巴里面加入了一些树胶。

这样,即容易刻又刻不坏。他先把泥巴切成小方块,在上面刻上字,烧硬,冷却,再将刻好的单字按韵排好。

以便查找。印刷时,按文章找出活字,将其排列在铁板上,四周用铁框固定。

除此,他还在铁板上预先铺一层纸灰、松脂和蜡混合成的黏合剂。

然后,把活字版放在火上烤,黏合剂熔化时,就用平板将单字牢牢地压平,等冷却后,每一块活字版就成了一个坚固的整体。接下来,只要在版上刷上油墨,敷上纸,轻轻一压就可以了。等印完后,再用火将铁板烤热,黏合剂熔化后,就可以将活字取出来,保存,以备下次使用。为了提高效率,毕舁采用两块铁板,一板印刷,一板排字。交替使用,使印刷速度大为提高。

毕舁发明的这种胶泥活字印刷术概括起来有五大步骤,即制作活字、排版、印刷、拆版和活字归韵,比起雕版印刷,这种方法制版迅速,印刷质量高,而且可以重复使用,节约了材料又缩短了印刷周期,堪称印刷史上划时代的突破。

不管是雕版印刷术,还是活字印刷术,对目前的大秦来说,都没有丝毫的技术障碍。

两两对比之下,李辰选择了活字印刷术。活字印刷术与雕版印刷术,仅仅只是思维上的不同,不存在技术上的壁垒。

相比之下,雕版印刷术麻烦、费时、效率低、数量少、易抄错漏抄、雕好的版片需精心存放,占大量房舍,发现错别字需整版重新雕刻。

而活字印刷术则具备着变死字为活字,变死版为活版,经济、省时、省力、省料、省钱的印刷方式。

咸阳城,将作少府

“敢问侯爷,这字模是印制成阳文还是阴文。”领头的工匠问道。

所谓阳文子模便是凸出来的,阴文便是凹进去的。但偏偏这两种字模印在纸上的效果是相反的。这阳文字模印在纸上字体是颠倒的,而阴文字模印在纸上才是正确的。

“阴文。”李辰说道,印出来的颠倒的阳文模板更多的是用在印章上面。

“陛下有令,将作少府可以暂时放下手里的其余事务。我这事,便是天下第一当紧的要事。”

“将所有的工匠全部调配过来,三日后,我来取字模,多多益善。”李辰朝身边大大小小的将作少府官员吩咐道。

三日匆匆

在李辰的指导下,将作少府的工匠们烧出了第一批字模。这种方方正正的字模比起烧制器皿可简单的多了。

一个个呈古铜色的字模散落在李辰眼前,这里几乎有着所有大秦目前常用的字体。

使用时由识字的儒生将需要的活字捡出来,放入带有树胶,蜡,草木灰等做成的木框里。

字模排满一框就成为一版,再用火烘烤,等药剂稍微融化,用一块平板把字面压平,药剂冷却凝固后,就成为版型。印刷的时候,只要在版型上刷上墨,覆上纸,加一定的压力就行了。为了可以连续印刷,就用两块铁板,一版加刷,另一版排字,两版交替使用。

为了防止个别字模遗落,丢失,李辰足足人工匠打造了五套。

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