第三章 曹军转攻(1 / 2)

季汉彰武 陈瑞聪 1586 字 2023-09-02

数月以来,关西形势在不断走向混乱,而关东的局势却也并未变得明朗。

在经历了渤海大战的两月后,初期曹军的狂飙突进已然结束。在此期间,曹操已占据了整个青州、收复兖州大部,并占据了少许豫州、徐州土地,在攻势上实现了对霸府军的全面压制,战果实非辉煌二字所能囊括。

但随着战线的拉长,疆土在短时间的急剧扩张,各种新问题也接踵而至:补给辎重逐渐吃紧,新占土地流寇匪患不断,又有不少霸府余党趁机作乱,更别说冬日后物资消耗急剧增多。这种种考验,都牵扯着河北幕府的大量精力与兵力,关东的战事也由此渐渐进入胶着状态。

北路的曹军在河内止步武德县侯,既无法向北突破天井关,入侵到上党郡内,也无法向南突破至河桥,直逼东都雒阳。中路的曹军也止步于巨野与昌邑,无法突破陈宫张邈在济阴的防线。东路的曹军则忙于镇压青、徐各郡之中的坞堡土匪,更没空对豫州进行打击,

在这种僵局下,河内主帅审配向曹操写信分析局势。

审配以为,刘备到底究竟势大根深,即使在渤海如此大胜的形势之下,天下时局也不过是从晋阳一家独大,暂时变为了两雄对峙,双方都难以一战克敌,还是需要做长期争斗,先争霸、后一统的准备。

原本曹军的布置,是欲效彷绿林建立玄汉的策略。趁霸府大败,兵分三路反扑,寄希望于每路都势如破竹,而后汇合于河内、陈留、颍川三地,自三面合击东都,再乘胜入关,致刘备于死地。

但如今看来,这未免过于理想。北路与中路暂且不谈,只说东路军战况,即使有曹操本人坐镇,可兵力用来平复各郡内部的匪寇便已力竭,全然无力干预豫州,更别率军谈进夺颍川,威胁轘辕关了。审配在此反省说,由此可见,当初不集中全军直扑雒阳,就已然丧失了追杀刘备的机会,这其实是一种失策。

可现实如此,机会错过已是错过,不容人反悔,只有及时根据眼前形势调整合适的战略,才算得上明智之举。审配根据自己在前线的所见所闻,在信中对曹操说,霸府大败后,在路上丢失了大量的马匹辎重,只剩下不少的人力。这些人力防御城池已然足够,但在军心低沮与民力虚耗的情况下,想要发起反攻,短时间内是难以做到的,最少在一两年内不会有大的举动。

审配由此判断说,在这种情形下,曹军想要进一步开疆拓土,恐怕很难取得成效。但反过来说,他们只需要留少量兵力于前线的城池中,便能轻松维持眼前的战线,全然没必要再分兵三路。《兵法·谋攻》有云:“用兵之法,十则围之,五则攻之,倍则分之,敌则能战之,少则能逃之,不若则能避之。”由此可见,用兵的首要之道,是以优势兵力进行取胜,故而眼下的当务之急,是集结分散的兵力,在霸府的薄弱处取得进展。

为此,他主张先集中三路大军主力于青州,而后大张旗鼓,南下直取徐州。审配认为取徐州有三大益处:一是徐州防御薄弱,霸府此时的兵力多集结于沛国一带,对于徐州的防御鞭长莫及,极易攻取;二是青徐匪寇连为一体,若能以空前军势攻下徐州,青州盗匪也会为之胆寒蛰伏,不敢再借机生事;三是可以借此机会,耀武江北,削弱霸府在江南的声望,更可以长江为天险,令江南群雄不敢北窥。

审配对这次变策极为用心,他写了两日夜,再将谋策加了封,交由其侄审容转呈临淄。曹操得报后,对此非常重视,当即就此事与府中僚左商议,诸多成名的关东智士读过后,无论是荀或、田丰还是郑浑、程昱,都对审配的意见持赞成态度。曹操心中也非常赞许,于是准备回信审配,打算调西路军与中路军聚集于鲁国,待诸将齐聚之后,再商讨征伐徐州的策略。

奈何计划赶不上变化,信件刚刚发出,曹操便收到了关中大变,吕布奇袭长安的消息。到了冬月初,竟又有使者自武关过荆州而来,专门带来天子承认刘和王位的诏书,言辞中对曹操也是颇多嘉勉。曹操得此诏书,心中喜不自胜,以为原本丧失的决胜良机,今日复又重现了!

他当即将原定征伐徐州的计划全盘推翻,转而率众离开鲁国,同时传信各部,将大军会师的地点改为巨阳。到冬月十三,近十五万大军汇聚于范县周遭,除去还在青州扫荡匪寇的三万人与各地驻防的守军外,这几乎是目前曹操能够动员的所有野战兵力,北至幽州突骑,南至新纳的青州群盗,几乎无所不包,其中甚至还有数千轲比能派来助阵的鲜卑轻骑。

重新与诸将会见之后,曹操绝口不提徐州攻伐一事,而是拿出天子诏书,大谈特谈关中乱象,继而再次提起以前的战略构想:诛刘备,夺东都,奉迎天子。

曹操汲取了审配此前的建议,以为兵分三路确实难以突破霸府军的阵线,不如自地形相对开阔平坦的兖州入手。兖州的张邈陈宫此时仅剩济阴、陈留二郡,根据几月的探查虚实,也大约可知晓其兵力当在三万左右,重点分布在定陶、陈留、酸枣三城。而攻破这三城,曹操大军就可以长驱直入河南郡内。曹操心想,以刘备的兵力,已不足以再固守敖仓、成皋等地,无论他作何反应,曹操都坚信自己能取得做最后的胜利。

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