5.问策砥柱前(1 / 2)

大唐官 幸运的苏拉 0 字 2021-05-24

高岳现在已没有顾虑,朗声对刘晏坦白:

“小子要改革两税法,自此在江淮东南,废除完全纳钱的税法,百姓以布帛、米等实物抵充税额,并消除布帛虚估和实估价钱的差距,这样小子认为既可缓解钱荒和私铸的局面,也可让江淮八道的百姓的财力得到涵养。”

刘晏点点头,而后问到:“为何逸崧认为,不让百姓纳钱,反倒是好事呢?”

“晏师,小子先后在西北、兴元及淮南为官,自认已对这天下的形势尚算了解。士农工商,最苦的莫过于农人,农人自春到冬,养蚕、缫丝、播种、稼穑、畜牧、种树,是春耕夏作,秋收冬藏,可曾有过半日的闲暇?然这天下,九成都是农人,他们是朝廷国家所倚仗的根本,赋自田出,役自人出,自古皆然。然而农人种出了谷物,养出了牲口,织出了棉布绢布,却唯独不能造出钱来,现在朝廷却强逼他们用钱来完税,故而他们只能将全年辛苦所得,先贱卖给商贾,折算为钱,再去交纳,朝廷税他们一斗米,他们实际要付出五斗米的所得,税他们一匹布,他们实际要付出五匹布的所得。忙碌竟年,完税后萧然无存一物,只能到坊市中换点盐、酱,回家后一半麦饭、米饭,一半再掺些糠麸,兑些盐酱,便是百姓一辈子,所能享用到的最大美味。有的农人,穷其一生,甚至都没法拥有一枚钱,更无论吃到羊肉猪肉或者鱼鲙这样的味道。”高岳说到这里,态度明显有些激动,“朝廷强迫百姓折钱完税,等于将钱强行流入上都长安的国库、内库当中,其中天子的大盈琼林内库还会习惯性封存相当部分,由是人间的钱愈发少,是为钱荒。而百姓的物也越发贱,以至谷贱伤农,布贱伤工,无计可施下,铤而走险,便入江淮的深山大泽里,或为山棚,或为江贼,或私设冶炉,盗铸钱币,这才是朝廷屡禁不绝的根本原因所在。”

“那逸崧你有没有想过,朝廷为什么要用钱来纳税?”

“如今天下各地产铜处,朝廷无不设场,将泉币锻造权力统归手中,钱铸出来,便可直接使用,这已是一层所得;而另外一层,又通过征税,将钱重新从百姓手中强行收归,由是现钱绝大部分归官,市场绝少转用。钱是越来越贵,谷帛器物却是越来越贱,朝廷再用少钱去换得绝大数量的谷帛器物,犹如斧锯,商旅工农受害日甚一日。农人去当盗匪,或者放弃田产去求口浮食,也就不难想见。”

“求口浮食,除去弃农从商外,更多的是被方镇节度使招募为兵卒,靠刀口上舐血来求得份赏设钱,这也是方镇难以制压的根本所在吧?”

“小子认为是这样的......所以小子的想法是,现在既然河陇已经光复,且河陇并不产桑麻,便让江淮东南八道百姓的两税,八成用布帛、米交纳,二成折换为钱交纳,而有铜坑的州县所铸造出来的钱币,也不再解送到京师,优先于当地使用,而后随货贩流通四方,不但可缓解钱荒,且能让百姓免受盘剥,至于所交纳的布帛,作为轻货送抵京师,便可为军饷发于河陇的将兵、射士,如此无论东西,都有便宜之处。”

听到这里,刘晏这时表情严肃地对高岳说:“逸崧,你比那时候进士及第前,思考得更加周全而深刻了。”接着他长叹一声,说“我以前开漕运、改常平法,且立榷盐法,如今看来,不过是救时而已,远远不能称上是救世啊!这天下的财力,皆是百姓所成就的,我行榷盐法,虽表面没有增加赋税,然则依旧通过茶、盐、酒这些百姓原本不可一日无的东西,夺去他们的口味之甘,用来满足官府的聚敛,百姓生存之苦,我刘晏确实难辞其咎。”

这话说得高岳也是羞愧汗流。

其实他先前为了掌权,也搞出许多变相的刻剥聚敛的招数来。

但理想永远是理想,现实永远是现实。

在这个时代里,任何封建王朝对国家的经营,往往没法通过“开源”也就是增产方式来取得财富,没别的原因,农业社会里技术所限,天下的田就这么多,也许能通过前期的轻徭薄赋、休养生息,来让百姓的户口孳生,来开辟更多的荒地,以征得更多的赋税、力役和兵员,实现所谓的盛世,但这一切总归会随着王朝版图的极限,而遇到瓶颈,最后田地数量的停滞,无法承受户口无限蕃息,财富的饼越摊越薄,但统治阶级的骄奢淫逸却愈发不知收敛,为了榨取更多的财富供自己花销,就要不断扩充征税的队伍即官僚集团,还要不断扩充护税的队伍即军队集团,然则维持这两个集团也是要花血本的,本钱还是得负担在百姓的头上。

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