16.边备有六失(2 / 2)

大唐官 幸运的苏拉 0 字 2021-05-24

陆贽首先说的节流办法,是在边地军备上的“罢防秋,复府兵”。

“陛下,国家自禄山构乱,肃宗中兴以来,撤边备以靖中邦,借外威以宁内难,於是吐蕃乘衅,吞噬无厌,回纥矜功,冯陵亦甚。中国不遑振旅,四十余年,使伤耗遗,竭力蚕织,西输贿币,北傥马资,尚不足塞其烦言,满其骄志。复又远徵士马,列戍疆陲,犹不能遏戡奔冲,止其侵侮。”陆贽率先的开场白,就是展现了副边事艰辛的图景,并声明绝不可信任西蕃所谓的“和平”,接着他顿了顿,站起身来,一手微微背在身后,一手稍指向殿中廊柱,用字正腔圆而又带着吴地口音的长安官话,宛若诵读般,强烈牵引着在场所有人的注意力。

接着陆贽走了数步,分析西蕃的强处:“逐水草为邑居,以射猎供饮茹,多马而尤便驰突,轻生而不耻败亡”,故而我中国不能与其“角力争驱,交锋原野之间,决命寻常之内”,而“修封疆,守要害,堑蹊隧,垒军营,谨禁防,明斥候,务农以足食,练卒以蓄威”这些才是我中国的所长,故而要以中国所长,去克西蕃之所短,而不能以中国所短,去对西蕃之所长。

于是皇帝就询问,陆九所言,朕深以为然,然则这番道理,四十年间朝廷的宰执、节帅大多也都知道,为何我唐还是败多胜少,疆域难保呢?特别是这次,虽则将士得胜立功,为什么还是让马重英逃脱呢?(然后皇帝要求,无论陆九回答什么,在场各位都不能泄露出去)

对这个问题,陆贽朗声答道,“因我唐边戎,积弊已久,臣贽计量,共有六失。”

“哪六失?”

“一失理兵乖方,二失驭将亏度,三失制用财匮,四失建军力分,五失养士生怨,六失用师丧机。”

而后陆贽详细说了这“六失”具体为何:

理兵乖方,每年关东各方镇节帅都需出防秋之兵,但各人都有私心,无不是将强壮精锐留在本镇,送到西北边地的全是羸弱之卒,这些防秋士卒远道而来,朝廷要花巨资供他们道路所需,可到了边地后,又不习风土地理,和西蕃战斗全无建树可言;

驭将亏度,西蕃号令专一,而我唐则节制多门,各方镇的将帅,朝廷想要赏一人,其他都嫉贤妒能、侧目不服,朝廷想要罚一人,其他都顾虑同恶、互相包庇,以致各地虽屯集大兵,可西蕃来战,却各个怯懦自守,虚张贼势,以致西蕃如入无人之境;

制用财匮,朝廷每年征调关东防秋十多万,再加边军十多万,禁军十多万,近四十万兵猬集京西,非但无守御之功,且徒增供军之弊,长此以往,国家编户无不倾家荡产,财用日益艰难。

建军力分,开元天宝年间,唐蕃虽战事炽烈,然朝廷只置朔方、河西、陇右三节度使而已,而如今光在西北,就有凤翔陇右、泾原、邠宁、灵盐、夏绥银、渭北等众多方镇,各不统属,一盘散沙,互不应援,西蕃一入寇,才临时起兵抵御,让西蕃从容各个击破。

养士生怨,西北为长镇兵,久在边地,素来辛劳,可朝廷只给一身衣粮,还要分给妻儿,困顿不堪,而关东防秋兵每年都要更代,对西北军镇根本没有任何感情,也没心思在此地久留,遇到西蕃来,各个贪生怕死,唯恐回不到家乡,朝廷还给他们丰厚待遇,西北边军怨气勃发,战场上根本不能团结迎敌;

用师丧机,将在外君命有所不受,所谓“机宜不可以远决,号令不可以两从”,然昔日边军出战,却“裁断多出宸衷”,两军对阵,军机可谓间不容发,而君王居千里之外、九重之中,用兵时机多丧于遥制(总结一句话,陛下你可憋微操了)。

六失说完,特别是最后一失,让皇帝李适是脸发红,身出汗不已。

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