学而远行之----明代传说(六十三)(1 / 2)

其中最大的一件高4.8厘米,直径5.2厘米,重41.1克,顶端嵌一颗浅黄色透明宝石,冠面作八瓣花形,嵌八颗红、蓝、绿各色的宝石,亮丽多彩,至为宝贵。出土的王妃封册,铜质髹(音“休”)金,是王妃魏氏于1433年(宣德八年)被册封为王妃的任命文书。封册极少随葬在墓中,而王妃的封册,在已发掘明代亲王墓发现,尚是首例。“缠臂金”2件,用宽0.7厘米,厚0.1厘米的金带条缠绕十二圈而成,各长12.5厘米,分别重295.5和292.5克,为女性使用饰物,葬在明代亲王墓中,尚属首例。</p>

梁庄王墓原地面上建有茔园和地面建筑,现莹园只残存部分基址,建筑则在历史上被毁无存,现在只见到砖、瓦痕迹。墓室(即地宫)是建在一座小山坡上,南北向,内呈“中”字形,为崖洞砖室墓。墓室南端有一斜坡墓道,长10.6米。墓室分为前、后室,室内铺一层起防潮作用的石灰。锡冥器、铜、铁器等出自前室,王、妃的棺床以及主要的金、银、玉、珠宝器等,均出自后室。</p>

湖北省主管文化工作的副省长王少阶指出,明梁庄王墓发掘,是湖北省明代考古发现中出土文物最多、文物价值最高的一次,也是全国已发掘明代亲王墓中等级最高、出土文物最多的一次空前大发现,为明代历史、考古研究提供了新的资料和新的课题,目前该项目已申报2001年度全国十大考古发现。</p>

新闻背景:梁庄王墓出土的重要精品器物</p>

新华网武汉1月19日电(记者翔)梁庄王墓墓内随葬品十分丰富,出有金、银、玉、宝石、瓷器等共计5100余件,其中金、银、玉器有1400余件,仅金器的重量就达10余公斤,珠饰宝石则多达3400余件。随葬如此大量的金银珠宝,在已发现的明代亲王墓中尚属首次,仅次于明代皇陵——定陵,是继定陵之后的又一重要考古发现。随葬的主要特色器物有:</p>

王妃封册,铜质髹金,是王妃魏氏于1433年(宣德八年)被册封为王妃的任命文书。封册极少随葬在墓中,而王妃的封册,在已发掘明代亲王墓发现,尚是首例。</p>

“缠臂金”2件,用宽0.7厘米,厚0.1厘米的金带条缠绕十二圈而成,各长12.5厘米,分别重295.5和292.5克。这是女性使用的饰物,过去曾有发现。而葬在明代亲王墓中,尚属首例。</p>

嵌宝金冠顶5个,冠顶的顶端或嵌宝石,或嵌透雕玉饰,冠面作5至8瓣花形,每瓣嵌一颗宝石。其中最大的一件高4.8厘米,直径5.2厘米,重41.1克,顶端嵌一颗浅黄色透明宝石,冠面作八瓣花形,嵌八颗红、蓝、绿各色的宝石,亮丽多彩,至为宝贵。“鹘捕鹅”造型的玉饰,长12厘米,正面浮雕的天鹅引颈展翅作飞翔状,鹘飞趴鹅头欲啄之。玉饰造型逼真,极具动感。鹘是一种专食天鹅脑的小型猛禽,飞速极快。金元时代北方少数民族贵族尤喜养鹘捕鹅。由于捕天鹅是在春季,以鹘捕鹅为题材的玉器被称为“春水玉”。</p>

金佛像2件,一大一小,大的圭(龟背)形,小的圆形。大的佛像,正面图案为一尊佛像,双手平捧法器,双足踩住一个平躺着的人(神),佛四周饰火焰纹;小的佛像正面的塑像与之相同,而在背面铸铭阴文梵字。出土与佛教有关的金佛像,可能表示主人信佛。</p>

金锭1对,分别有“永乐十七年”和“永乐十四年”及“重伍拾两”的铭文,各长13和14厘米,实重分别为1937克和克。金银质的容器主要有执壶、金盆、钵、爵、钟盖、银盆、杯、碗、盘等。出土的带盖金执壶高16.3厘米、重877克,上有“银作局洪熙元年正月内成造五色金贰拾叁两”等蝇头小铭文。一件银杯的盖上有“梁府承奉司造银捌两壹钱重”的铭文字样。</p>

金、银、玉质的首饰、腰带和佩饰,更是种类繁多,金凤簪、嵌宝金簪、嵌宝、嵌玉的金腰带和玉腰带,雍容华贵,玲珑剔透。串珠近3000颗,有金、玉、玛瑙、琥珀、水晶珠和珍珠等各式质地。透雕的玉佩、玉饰,工艺精湛,圆润细腻。圆雕的玉人、玉鸳鸯,成双结对,造型栩栩如生;玉花、玉鱼、玉桃、玉叶、玉葫芦,小巧晶莹,惟妙惟肖。另外,青花瓷器如龙纹高足碗、梅瓶等也颇为珍贵。</p>

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