第十四章 出使各国——侯显(1 / 1)

史事讲将 徐夏半生 0 字 2021-05-13

侯显,明朝宦官,藏族,藏名洪保希绕,祖籍为今甘肃省甘南藏族自治州,临潭县流顺乡寺底下村,是著名的外交家、政治家活动家。是郑和船队指挥部中领导人员,侯显的地位排名第三,仅次于郑和、王景弘。侯显为创造郑和下西洋,这一航海奇迹作出了杰出贡献。

元朝末年,候显出生,少年时被送入本村山坡上一佛教苦行僧修行的小寺“日朝”中,识藏文,习佛经。侯显天性聪敏好动,他有个经商的舅父往来内地频繁,常给他讲内地的世界,引起了他出游天下的兴趣。于是,侯显以出游四方化缘为由,别寺离乡,徒步起程前往明朝京城。

洪武年间,候显到达了京城,起初他做了一位将军的马夫,由于工作出色,很快赢得了将军的重视。伊犁发生战事后,侯显随军前往,并为将军出谋划策,被提升为参军,将军在战争中不幸阵亡,侯显遂代职奋战。平乱结束论功行赏时,侯显继承了那位亡将的权位。据费信所著《星槎胜览》记载,他曾随侯显到榜葛刺等国访问时,到达波斯湾忽鲁谟斯等国进行“开读赏赐”等外交活动。

侯显曾出使西域,迎侯鸟思藏僧尚师哈立麻来,受到朱棣皇帝重用,由司礼少监升迁为太监。参加郑和船队第二、第三次下西洋,并成为郑和船队指挥部的领导人员。侯显除了随郑和出使西洋外,还奉命前往尼八刺、地涌塔两国;单独率船队出访榜葛刺;出使沼纳朴儿。

古佛国诏纳村儿侵略榜葛刺,动起干戈。榜葛刺佛教领袖赛佛丁告于大明朝廷,九月,侯显再次奉命前去宣谕、赐金币。这次出使,卓有成效,使这两个小国罢兵言和。

侯显再次奉明宣宗朱瞻基之命,进卫藏访问。这次出访,使辽阔的卫藏地区加强了与内地的政治、经济、文化等的联系。在坚固祖国统一上,他又一次起了很大的作用,因而在《明史·侯显传》中,写着他的“劳绩与郑和亚”的高度评语。

侯显进入晚年后,打算回故乡临潭建一座皇教寺院,禀报给皇帝后得到了应允,朝廷同时还拨给两员钦差大臣,与侯显济力创建了甘肃省甘南藏族自治州临潭县的大寺院侯家寺。

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