第二十二章 力救朱棣——张玉[附:张辅、张輗ni、张軏yue](1 / 1)
张玉,字世美,祥符人,明朝靖难名将。原为元朝枢密知院,后投降明朝,累功至燕山左护卫,隶属朱棣麾下。朱棣起兵,张玉夺取北平九门,升任都指挥佥事,并担任燕军先锋,大败南军主帅耿炳文,后为燕军中军主将,两次击败李景隆。后张玉参加东昌之战,为救朱棣,闯入敌军阵中,力竭战死,追封荣国公,谥忠显,后追进河间王,改谥忠武。
元朝未灭亡之前,张玉在元朝的枢密院主持政事,元朝灭亡后,张玉投顺于明朝。经过多次大大小小的战役,他的功绩显著,才华也逐渐显露出来,直到被封为燕山左护卫,他才真正投到朱棣的麾下。张玉为燕王朱棣出生入死,燕王发起的几次大战都有张玉的参与,而且张玉在其中担任重要的角色,燕王多次采用他的计策,可以看出燕王是极其信任和重用张玉的。
燕王发动的靖难之役,张玉是最主要的将领,靖难之役是朱棣起兵反叛自己的侄儿朱允炆,此次战役持续三年,最终以燕军胜利而告终。在这次的战争中,张玉灵活运用计策,同时窥探敌军的军情,对敌方的军情了如指掌后,再进行趁胜追击,这样的计谋果然奏效,结果使得敌军防不胜防,最终在北平将南军歼灭。
朱棣带领张玉出击大同、广昌等地获得节节胜利,在敌军想要收集军队再干一场,但张玉以精骑出击没有让敌方得逞,张玉把南军逼到了济南,想要破城而入,但经过三个月仍然不能破城他只好撤回军队。在十二月份,燕王率领的军队与敌军不期而遇,结果被包围,张玉为了救出朱棣被困,结果战死在沙场,享年五十八岁。朱棣痛失爱将,伤心不已,在朱棣称帝后,追赠张玉为指挥同知,后又追赠奉天靖难推诚宣力武臣以表彰他的功绩。
张玉的长子——张辅,在幼年时便表现出才华和本领,张辅刚开始担任的是某县的县令,当时有一个家族仗着自家有点名望,便故意生事来困扰普通百姓,张辅对此十分愤怒,他非但不害怕豪强反而与他进行对抗,从这点事情上就能看出张辅非凡的人品和胆识。之后,他又跟随父亲参加了靖难之役,在这场战争中表现突出,多次封侯,后来又平定安南,使得安南再一次回到明朝版图中,先后辅佐明朝不同的皇帝,为明朝的建设作出了很大的贡献,最后,死于土木堡战争中。
张玉次子——张輗,是明朝的军事人物,张輗的哥哥张辅认为他殴打守坟的人,是一件有损自家家族颜面的事情,故明代宗下令将其逮捕,后又把他放了。之后又得到了朝廷的重视,在英宗复辟后,由于张輗有功便封他为文安伯。
张玉三子——张軏,也是明朝有名的将侯,跟随宣宗多次出外征讨,多次战胜,后以副总兵的身份出塞到麓川,并讨伐少数名族的叛乱,参与夺门之变,与众人迎英宗,被封为太平侯。
张玉除了三个儿子以外,还育有一女,张氏嫁给了朱棣,做了他的贵妃,在张玉被杀之后,朱棣深知张玉对他有恩,便把他的女儿召进了宫,册封为贵妃。
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