第二章 永乐将领——沐春、王宁、王友等(1 / 2)

史事讲将 徐夏半生 0 字 2021-05-13

沐春,字景春,黔宁王沐英长子,安徽定远人,明朝著名军事人物。袭封西平侯镇守云南。</p>

王宁,明太祖朱元璋女婿,驸马,明朝初期政治人物,永春侯。其因为与怀庆公主婚事,升任后军都督府事。建文年间因为其涉嫌泄露朝中事情给燕王朱棣,后下锦衣卫狱。明成祖即位后,称王宁孝于明太祖、忠于国家,刚正不阿,封永春侯。其擅长诗歌,喜欢佛教。后因事连坐下狱,被释出狱后不久病死。其有两子王贞亮和王贞庆,王贞庆为景泰十才子之一。</p>

王友,荆州人。袭父职为燕山护卫百户。从起兵,定京师。论功当侯,以骄纵,授都指挥佥事。及邱福等议上,乃封清远伯。明年充总兵官,帅舟师沿海捕倭。倭数掠海上,友无功,帝切责之。已,大破倭。帝喜,降敕褒劳,寻召还。</p>

王忠,与莒国公李远同降于蔚州。每战,帅精骑为奇兵,多斩获。累迁都督佥事,封靖安侯,禄千石。出塞战殁,年五十一,爵除。</p>

王聪,巴河镇人,明代将军。出身农民,臂力过人。他习武投军,隶属燕王棣部下,智勇兼备,能谋善战。随燕王巡视边境,以军功升任都指挥使,“靖难”之役,燕王夺取帝位,聪被封为武城侯。随征虏大将军邱福出征。福与本雅失里交战,本雅失里佯败,福追击,聪知其计,劝谏福止,福不听从,终中埋伏。聪战死,时年58岁。其尸毁于战场,未能收骨,后追封为漳国公,谥号武毅,立碑敕葬。衣冠冢在县西司家畈。</p>

王真,咸宁人,明朝军事将领。洪武年间,其由士兵起家,后累功至燕山右护卫百户。靖难之役时,燕王朱棣起兵,王真参与攻打北京九门,后战永平、真定,攻下广昌,袭击雁门。之后跟随大军攻破沧州,追赶中央军到滑口,俘虏七千余人。后累任都指挥使。淝河之战,王真与白义、刘江各帅百骑诱平安军,并伏击,之后因援兵不继而被困重伤,大呼“我义不死敌手”,遂自杀。朱棣即位后,追封其为金乡侯,谥忠壮。成祖每追悼之曰:“奋武如王真,何功不成!不死,功当冠诸将。”明仁宗时,追封其为宁国公,加号效忠。与东平王朱能、河间王张玉、荣国公姚广孝一起配享成祖庙廷。有一子王通,官至都督同知。</p>

胡观,字明远,安徽凤阳人。明都指挥佥事。幼时随曾祖父迁居万全右卫,“土木之变”前后,曾随杨洪镇守芦沟、紫荆等地,屡有战功。</p>

李濬,和州人,明朝将领。洪武年间李濬袭父职为燕山左护卫副千户,随燕王朱棣起兵靖难,夺取北平九门。之后转战山东,为前锋。累升都指挥使,封襄城伯,禄千石,出镇江西。</p>

李远,明初军事将领。在靖难之役中投降了燕王朱棣,之后为燕军战胜南军立下了赫赫战功。因与丘福出兵北伐鞑靼中伏而死,年四十六。追封莒国公,谥忠壮。</p>

张武,浏阳人。力气很大,看的书比较少,曾任燕王朱棣护卫。与诸将败耿炳文于真定,战胜。夹河之战,帅壮士为前锋,突阵,佯败走。南军追之,武还击,南军遂溃。攻西水寨,前军夜失道,南军来追。武引兵伏要路,击却之。战小河,陈文殁于阵。武帅敢死士自林间突出,与骑兵合,大破南军,斩首二万级,溺死无算。累授都督同知。成祖即位,论功封成阳侯,禄千五百石,位次朱能下。是时侯者,陈珪、郑亨、孟善、火真、顾成、王忠、王聪、徐忠、张信、李远、郭亮、房宽十三人,武为第一,还守北平。</p>

张兴,寿州人。起卒伍,为燕山左护卫指挥佥事。从起兵,功多,累迁都指挥同知。从子勇,有力敢战,从兴行阵为肘腋。兴尝单骑追敌,被数十创,伤重不任战。以勇嗣指挥使,代将其兵。再论功,兴封安乡伯。</p>

金玉,江浦人。袭父官为羽林卫百户,调燕山护卫。从起兵有功,累迁河南都指挥使,进都督佥事。至长秀川,收敌所弃牛羊杂畜亘数十里,讨平山西妖贼刘子进。论前后功,封惠安伯,禄九百石。</p>

陈亨,寿州人。元末扬州万户。从太祖于濠,为铁甲长,擢千户。从大将军北征,守东昌。敌数万奄至,亨固守,出奇兵诱败之。复从徇未下诸城,守大同。积功至燕山左卫指挥佥事。数从出塞,迁北平都指挥使。及惠帝即位,擢都督佥事。燕师起,亨与刘真、卜万守大宁。移兵出松亭关,驻沙河,谋攻遵化。燕兵至,退保关。当是时,李景隆帅五十万众将攻北平。北平势弱,而大宁行都司所领兴州、营州二十余卫,皆西北精锐;朵颜、泰宁、福余三卫,元降将所统番骑彍卒,尤骁勇。卜万将与景隆军合。成祖惧,以计绐亨囚万,遂从刘家口间道疾攻大宁。亨及刘真自松亭回救,中道闻大宁破,乃与指挥徐理、陈文等谋降燕。夜二鼓,袭刘真营。真单骑走广宁,亨等帅众降。成祖尽拔诸军及三卫骑卒,挟宁王以归。自是冲锋陷阵多三卫兵。成祖取天下,自克大宁始。亨、理既降,累从破南军。白沟河之战,亨中创几死。已,攻济南,与平安战铧山,大败。创甚,舆还北平。进都督同知。成祖还军,亲诣亨第劳问。其年十月卒。成祖自为文以祭。比即位,追封泾国公,谥襄敏。长子恭,嗣都督同知。</p>

徐理,河南西平县人,明朝将领,武康伯。洪武年间,徐理担任永清中护卫指挥佥事,改营州卫。靖难之役时,投降燕军,并任右军副将,屡出战功。朱棣袭击沧州的时候,徐理与陈旭在直沽造浮桥,以援助燕军。之后累任都指挥佥事。永乐年间,封武康伯,守卫北平。</p>

徐祥,大冶人,明朝将领。元朝末年跟从陈友谅,后在江州归顺朱元璋,积功至至燕山右护卫副千户。随朱棣起兵,累任至都指挥使。成祖即位,论功封兴安伯,为十四位封伯爵之首。</p>

徐亨,兴安伯徐祥孙,大冶人,嗣伯。从北征,为中军副将,至土剌河,获马三千。还守开平,将轻骑往来兴和、大同备边。后屡从出塞。以右副将征交址,无功,夺爵。英宗即位,复之。征兀良哈,出界岭口、河北川,进侯。出镇陕西,召还。天顺初卒,谥武襄。子贤嗣伯。</p>

陈旭,扬州路滁州全椒县人,明朝军事将领、靖难之役人物。陈旭父亲为陈彬,跟从朱元璋,任指挥佥事。之后陈旭嗣官,为会州卫指挥同知。靖难之役时,举城降燕。之后从朱棣战滦河、真定。守卫德州时,盛庸兵抵达后,其弃城而逃,朱棣不问其罪。之后跟随朱棣攻入南京,封云阳伯,禄千石。从英国公张辅征交阯,担任右参将,并与丰城侯李彬攻破西都。后平定陈季扩叛变,与张辅平定。之后担任沐晟副将,后因病死于军中。</p>

陈贤,历燕山右护卫指挥佥事。燕师起,从诸将转战,常突阵陷坚。军中称其骁勇。累迁都督佥事。成祖虑功臣封有遗阙,令邱福等议。福等言都督佥事李彬功不在房宽下,泾国公子懋、金乡侯子通俱未袭爵,而陈贤、张兴、陈志、王友功与刘才等。于是封彬丰城侯,懋、通与贤等四人并封伯,禄皆千石。贤封荣昌伯,充神机将军,从北征。</p>

陈志,巴县人。洪武中,为燕山中护卫指挥佥事。从起兵,累迁都指挥同知,封遂安伯。志素以恭谨受知,戮力戎行,始终不懈。</p>

陈珪,泰州人。从大将军徐达平中原,授龙虎卫百户,改燕山中护卫。建文朝历任副千户、指挥同知、都督佥事。永乐朝从成祖出塞为前锋,积功至指挥同知,累迁都督佥事,封泰宁侯,禄千二百石。改建北京城及宫殿,泰宁侯陈珪被任命为工程总指挥,“董治其事”。陈珪计划周密、条理分明,在建都工程中尽心尽力,深得皇帝器重和信任。</p>

薛绶,原名薛寿童,薛斌之子,蒙古族,北京顺天府昌平县人,明朝军事将领,永顺伯。薛斌去世时,薛寿童年仅五岁。其伯父薛贵引见给明仁宗时,立命嗣伯,赐名绶。其长大后骁勇善战。</p>

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