第十一章 儒学大成——梅殷(1 / 1)

史事讲将 徐夏半生 0 字 2021-05-13

梅殷,字伯殷,归德下邑人,明朝驸马都尉,汝南侯梅思祖从子,娶朱元璋次女宁国公主,任驸马都尉,加封荣国公,奉命镇守淮安,溺水而死。

梅殷,娶了朱元璋的第二个女儿,即马皇后所生的宁国公主为妻,据说朱元璋在众多女婿中,最喜欢梅殷,晚年因“诸王强盛”,还秘密地命他辅佐皇太孙朱允炆。不料朱允炆即位未久,皇叔燕王朱棣就反了,朝廷作战不利,淮河以北大片土地沦陷,当燕师**日近时,梅殷受命充总兵官,镇守淮安。

淮安对于梅家可谓故地,当年梅思祖就曾替张士诚守过淮安,结果他拿淮安做了降顺朱元璋的见面礼。面临燕军的猛烈攻击,淮安在梅殷的坚守下,坚如磐石,燕军兵力有限,也不敢拿生力军往这座坚城上硬撞。

朱棣以为挟战胜之威,定能动摇梅殷,就遣使来向妹夫“借道”,说是要给凤阳的祖陵上香,梅殷的答复不卑不亢,他说:“进香,皇考(朱元璋)有禁,不遵者为不孝。”他没有说君臣大义,说的是亲戚间的话。朱棣知道妹夫是不可轻易劝降的,于是亲笔写了一封措辞强烈的警告信,称“我兴兵诛君侧之恶,天命有归,非人所能阻”,暗示梅殷螳臂当车,希望用气势慑服、警醒这位不识趣的驸马爷。

不料梅殷回复得干脆决绝,他命人将燕使的耳朵和鼻子割去,然后将其纵归,并对他说:“本帅留下你的嘴巴,好给你家殿下讲讲君臣大义。”朱棣气得要死,可是没有办法,只好向南越出泗州,出天长,取道扬州,遂攻破了京师南京,建文帝自杀身亡。

朱棣篡登大宝后,梅殷仍然拥兵淮上,拒绝改旗易帜,朱棣迫令宁国公主写血书去召,梅殷见到公主血糊糊的家书,知事已不可为,恸哭一场,罢兵还京。在入见时,朱棣勉强接见慰劳,说了一句:“驸马劳苦。”这本是一句客气话,不料梅殷竟回道:“劳而无功耳!”差点把新任的圣天子呛翻。

朱棣的江山已经坐稳,与当年的对手秋后算总账的时机已到,耿炳文、李景隆等勋戚之家,都在这一年遭到严厉的参劾,纷纷败覆,梅殷自不例外。永乐朝有名的酷吏,都察院左都御史陈瑛率先上奏,指责驸马梅殷“蓄养亡命”,其心叵测,又与女秀才刘氏“朋邪诅咒”。女秀才刘氏不知何许人也,女子在明代并无考取秀才者,大概是一位女才子吧。梅殷是个多才之人,弓马娴熟,精通经史,在洪武时,曾以“戚臣”的身份视山东学政,与皇外甥曹国公李文忠以“勋臣上公”典国子监,为双璧美谈,朱元璋赐敕褒美,推许这位爱婿“堪为儒宗”。

梅殷在政治上失意,闲来只以诗酒唱和为事,朝廷要兴冤狱,他结交的这些文友,自然成了他故意蓄养、助其谋逆的“亡命”;他们酬答的诗篇,其中不满于时政的内容,辄成为他们“诅咒”的铁证。历来如此,并无稀罕。所以一般失意且为君主所忌恨者,都会选择闭门谢客,关起门来吃几杯苦酒,做个影只的隐士,既为自己好,也为朋友们好。大概梅殷仗着自己是驸马,朱棣不会拿他怎样,以为只是政治上寂寞些,官不做了而已。

果不其然,他邀朋聚友、谈文论艺的行为,成为政敌攻击他的口实,但朱棣接到劾疏后,并未拨草寻蛇,趁机将梅殷一棍子打死,只是说:“朕自处之。”仅仅谕令户部重新考定公、侯、驸马、伯的仪仗从人之数,又命锦衣卫抓了梅家几名家人,送辽东充军了事。酷吏陈瑛的指控还包括驸马家仪从太盛,超过应有的礼仪,及家人有违法行为,朱棣抓小放大,没有揪住梅殷“诅咒”的情节不放,似乎对这位妹夫还有优容保存之意。

自陈瑛一告不准之后,很快又有人行动了,都督佥事谭深和锦衣卫指挥赵曦一齐拥上来,趁其不备,将他挤下桥去,梅殷不会游泳,扑通落水,只抢了几下,就沉到水底。这条河是南京城内的水,上跨石桥,应该水面不宽,水势不大,又在十月,并不甚寒,梅殷落水后,完全有机会获救,但他还是淹死了。

驸马好端端的上朝,不想淹死在一条小河里,宁国公主不干了,她闯进宫去,牵住朱棣的衣袖,放声大哭,问兄要人,朱棣推说,是驸马自己落水的,公主不信,只管要皇兄交出凶手,朱棣被她逼得无法,只好说:“请节哀,无自苦,我一定为妹妹做主,缉拿凶徒。”朱棣也很恼火,他就是要杀掉梅殷,也一定要先正其罪,可梅殷这么不明不白死了,还让世人怀疑是朕躬所为,岂不冤哉,于是下令,命锦衣卫彻查。马上,有都督同知许成出首告发,说梅驸马是被谭、赵二人谋害,事情至此,真相大白,朱棣遂将二人处斩,没收其家产,而封许成为永新伯。

有个叫瓦剌灰的蒙古降人,过去是梅殷的部下,他怀念旧主,而恨极了凶手,上疏请求为驸马报仇,朱棣居然准了。于是瓦剌灰手执利刃,来到谭、赵二人受刑的现场,亲手砍断他们的手脚,又剖开肚皮,掏出肠子,一大堆鲜血淋漓的人下水,堆起来,祭他冤死的故主。事毕,他也不活了,当场抹了脖子,追随旧主而去——此为殉葬。

梅殷在阴间,有这位壮士的保护,恶人休想再将他挤下奈何桥。朱棣为了安抚公主妹妹,用酷刑处死了凶手,还亲自赐书解释,又给梅殷两个儿子加官,同时进封公主为宁国长公主。

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