马黎诺里,元朝末年,来中国的罗马教皇使者,意大利佛罗伦萨人,圣方济各会士,是应元顺帝之请,由教皇派出的最后一位出使中国的使节。
元顺帝妥欢贴睦尔遣拂朗人安德烈及其他十五人出使欧洲,致书罗马教皇,元朝阿速族显贵、知枢密院事福定和左阿速卫都指挥使香山等人也代表教徒上书教皇,报告大主教孟特戈维诺已去世八年,请求速派才高德隆的继任者前来主持教务。使团抵教皇驻地阿维尼翁,教皇本笃十二世优厚款待元朝使者,使游历欧洲各地,并决定派遣马黎诺里等率领数十人的庞大使团,出使元朝和蒙古诸汗国。
马黎诺里一行从阿维尼翁启程,会齐元朝来使,先至钦察汗国都城萨莱谒见月即别汗,继续沿商路东行,经察合台汗国都城阿力麻里,于至正二年七月,抵达上都,谒见元顺帝,进呈教皇复信并献骏马一匹。马长一丈一尺三寸,高六尺四寸,昂高八尺三寸,色漆黑,仅两后蹄纯白,曲项昂首,神俊超逸,被誉为“天马“,元顺帝大喜。命画工周朗作《天马图》,文臣揭傒斯作《天马赞》,在廷文人多应制写诗作序,时人叹为盛事,欧阳玄作《天马颂》、《天马赋》、周伯琦作《天马行》、陆仁有作《天马歌》、秦约亦作《天马颂》以记其事。“拂朗国进天马“成为哄动一时的大事。
马黎诺里使团三十二人留居大都约三年,后坚请归国,获准乘驿至泉州,由海道西还,抵阿维尼翁,进呈元顺帝致教皇克莱孟六世的国书。
马黎诺里受德皇卡尔四世之召至布拉格,负责改修波希米亚编年史,便将他奉使东方的回忆插叙入书中,将他奉使东方的回忆插叙入书中,著《波希米亚史》三卷。最后一卷追忆其出使中国的见闻,德人梅纳特将这一部分辑出,刊于波希米亚科学学会会报,始为世人所知。题为《马黎诺里奉使东方录》即《马黎诺里游记》,它是元代中西文化交流史上的一部名著。
《马黎诺里游记》对泉州作了这样的记载:“刺桐城,这是一个令人神往的海港,也是一座令人惊奇的城市。方济各会修士在该城有三座非常华丽的教堂,教堂十分富足,有一浴室,一栈房,这是商人储货之处。还有几尊极其精美的钟,其中二钟是我命铸造的,在铸成悬挂时,举行了隆重仪式。其中之一,即较大者,我们决定命之为约翰尼纳,另一命之为安顿尼纳,皆置于萨拉森人居住地中心。我们于圣斯提凡祭日离开刺桐。”他们所见到的教堂,一所由阿美尼亚妇人所建,一所由方济各会泉州主教安德烈所建,鄂多立克到泉州时也见到一所教堂,另一所教堂不知谁建。这对研究元代方济各会在泉州的历史,具有重要的参考价值。说明当时泉州方济各会的传教士不仅布道,有的还积极参与商业活动。
马黎诺里在《游记》中译称杭州为“Campsay”,称杭州是中国南方最大的城市,形容杭州“市容壮观华丽,物产丰富,人口众多,地域广阔”,并通过游记把杭州的美誉传遍世界各地,大大增加了杭州在世界上的知名度。
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