第十三章、从情从礼(2 / 2)

汉魏文魁 赤军 0 字 2021-04-06

曹髦本年虚岁十五,搁后世就是所谓的“中二年龄”,这岁数的孩子正当反传统、求创新、喜热闹、厌冷清之时,所以他在理智上认同崔琰所说,其实在感情方面,还是比较倾向于郗虑的建议的。若废乐整整三年,那还不得把自己给闷死?再说了,就与曹昂相见之礼,郗鸿豫貌似深刻地体会到了自己的孝亲之心,而又能使群臣认同,果当代之大家也。 </p>

要不是郗虑反复谦辞,不愿再为官做宰,曹髦几乎想命之为宰执了。 </p>

曹操的葬仪简朴但是风光地完成了。对于陵寝、墓道乃至棺椁的形质和大小,事关国礼,不可轻忽,但陪葬品的数量则比历代帝王都要少,以遵从曹操俭葬的遗训,而且所封者都是旧时的服装、器皿,未制新物。是勋、郗虑等上奏,请以此为子孙葬礼之法,使节俭之风蔚为时流,并流传万世,曹髦准奏。 </p>

等到葬礼顺利完成,转过头来,曹髦召见是勋,说:“朕欲细其勋以加赏群臣,是公以为若何?” </p>

新帝登基,一般情况下都要厚赏群臣。以安人心。以定朝廷。后世最常见的就是“加官三级”。然而魏承汉制,职禄与品禄基本上合一,也就是说,你当什么差、办什么事儿,就领某官职的俸禄,只有岗位工资,没有级别工资,那就不可能随便“加官”了。所以常见的酬赏之法,就是赐金和拜爵。然而爵位不可滥封,赐金固得实惠,却不显尊荣,曹髦觉得不大满意,就跟是勋商量,要不然重新制定并且细密化勋职之法,给大家伙儿都多加个荣誉头衔吧。 </p>

禄因职定,这是汉制的一大特色,其根源在于周制。贵族层层封建,为王官者都只是临时差遣。拿临时工的工资——基本工资则算你封地上的产出。这对于官僚体系的完善是非常不利的,即便贵为宰相、三公,一朝去职,除了少数特例外,那都再拿不到一分钱了,官员们老无所依,自然横起聚敛之心。所以自魏晋以后,逐渐把官员品级和实际差遣区分开来,新创并且提高等级工资的比例——这种品级即名为散官,后来又加勋官等。 </p>

是勋本人是赞成这一转变的,那有助于官僚队伍的稳定化,然而后世叠床架屋,等级工资加各种补贴越搞越多,既造成认知上的混乱——他前世为了搞明白历朝官制,就费了老鼻子牛劲儿了——又不方便管理,还增加财政负担。所以早就向曹操提起过相关想法,曹操拿出的对应策略,是创建了“勋职”又名“散官”制度。 </p>

不过曹操时代的勋职制度还只是一个雏形,只设十二阶,分文武,用以酬答功臣——其实就是让功臣们挂个空头衔靠边儿站去,尊荣不失,但权柄交卸,从某种意义上来说,只是爵位的一种变体而已。曹髦说我打算把这种制度更加完善化、复杂化,用来广赐臣僚,以定人心。搞这种花样是公你最拿手了,你来谋划一下吧。 </p>

是勋领命而行,心说这事儿简单啊。散官肇始于魏、晋,而完善于隋、唐,到了明、清两代乃成为官员的实际品级——我在旧有的架构上增补,基本上照抄隋唐制度不就成了嘛。 </p>

于是设文武散官各十八阶。文散官首为太宰、次太傅、三太尉,等于上公;再下少师、少傅、司寇,等于公;光禄大夫、资政大夫、太中大夫,比公;正议大夫、通议大夫、朝议大夫,中二千石——这些是曹操时代就旧有的。其下增设朝议郎、承议郎、奉议郎、通直郎、朝请郎、儒林郎六级,以应二千石和比二千石。而且规定,除最初六等只授一人外,其余十二等皆可命多人也——也就是说,朝臣比二千石以上,可以人手一份儿,不用抢啦。 </p>

至于武官,在旧有的柱国、辅国、护国、骠骑将军、车骑将军、卫将军、前后左右将军、羽林将军、冠军将军外,增设忠武、壮武、云麾、翊军、宣威、定远六级,略同文职。 </p>

是勋奏上,曹髦准奏,于是便即大赏群臣。因为原太宰荀公达已殁,乃进曹德为太宰,以是勋为太傅——只是是勋坚不肯受,最终还是推辞掉了。一则他觉得加授散官对自己的好处并不大,反易树大招风;二则你前几个月才刚抹了我太尉衔,如今又加太傅,以为这么一来,事儿就算彻底揭过去了吗?哪有如此便宜;三则,他如今的爵位已经出于异姓群臣之上啦,实不便再受勋职。 </p>

是勋现在是揭阳郡公,这个爵位例封同姓——按照他为曹魏制定的爵位制度,异姓最高才是县公。当初攻下汉中后,曹操即破格以郡公相酬,当时对群臣的解释是:“宏辅我家姻戚,有若同姓,今又立此大功,乃不可不超拔也——诸夏侯亦可同此例。”其实曹操是想先给颗大红枣,然后再抽嘴巴…… </p>

是勋心说爵已超拔,当时我正风光得意,忘记了辞让,野下已有异言,如今若再加个太傅头衔,那就真的人臣之极啦,就怕忌妒的眼光伴随着明枪暗箭,将会层出不穷啊。反正我已经是“前太尉”了,又为中书令,是实际上的首相,爵为郡公,再加个太傅衔还能有多大意义?莫若辞去,反示人以谦逊也。</p>

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