9太康失国(2 / 2)

少康的根据地离夏朝旧都不足二百里。杜康以儿子杼[shù]为先锋,向寒浞发动奇袭。杜康的军队势如破竹,很快攻入旧都。寒浞猝不及防,想调兵已经来不及了。少康的军队杀入宫中。寒浞自杀未遂,被杜康抓住凌迟处死。少康在太康失国六十年后恢复了夏朝。

少康生于民间长于民间,了解民间疾苦。他勤政爱民受到了天下人爱戴。少康大力发展农耕,使夏朝出现繁荣局面,史称“少康中兴”。

少康死后把位子传给儿子杼[zhù]。杼即位后开始攻打东夷人。东夷人在后羿篡国后和夏结下梁子,由近邻变成劲敌。

东夷人善射。“夷”的意思就是“一人负弓”。初次交锋,柕的军队还没攻到近前就被东夷人的箭雨打得七零八落。

败退回来的杼苦思冥想发明了“甲”和“矛”。夏朝的甲是什么样不清楚,因为尚未见出土。据说是皮甲,用兽皮制作而成。矛有出土,用石头磨制而成,长度大约十厘米左右。箭头出土很多,有石制的、骨制的、蚌制的。所有武器都不见有铜制的。一个可能是禹铸九鼎把全国的铜都收走了。一个可能是当时冶炼技术不过关,铜制兵器还不如石制骨制的结实。反正那时的兵器给人感觉攻击力不强。皮制的铠甲挡住石制骨制的箭应该没有太大问题。石制的矛虽然不够锋利,但要是在战车冲锋过程中刺中对方也够对方一呛。

顺便说一句,传说相土,也就是挈的孙子,是中国历史上第一个驯养牛马的人。他也靠着这手绝活使商部落迅速发展起来。牛马驯养成功后不仅用于运输耕地,也用于战争。战车有了马才能发挥出战斗力。

柕给军队装备了甲和矛。穿甲持矛驾着战车的夏朝将士不再害怕东夷人的弓箭和石刀,打败了东夷人。

柕征服了东夷人,将夏朝疆土扩张到东海(今黄海)之滨。夏朝的势力和版图在杼时代达到鼎盛。夏朝的威势使四方部落纷纷臣服纳贡。

柕之后的三代夏后槐、芒、泄改剿为抚。东夷族与华夏族和平共处,并逐渐融入华夏一族。

泄的儿子不降继位后,率军西征,平定了九苑(嵩山脚下)叛乱,巩固并扩大了疆土。夏朝至此依然保持着强盛。

不降觉得儿子都是碌碌无能之辈,而弟弟扃[jiōng]德才兼备,便把后位传给扃。扃死时把后位传给儿子廑[jǐn]。廑一上台就张罗迁都,不仅要求诸侯出人出力大兴土木,还使用强制手段逼迫贵族平民跟他一起搬迁,惹得天怒人怨。诸侯开始对夏朝有了贰心。廑死时把后位传给儿子。但不降的儿子孔甲把后位夺了去。

孔甲比廑更差劲,“好方鬼神,事**”不仅沉湎歌舞美酒打猎游玩还信奉被别人视为歪门邪道的鬼神。

在古代,“国之大事,在祀与戎”。祭祀和战争是头等的国家大事。

古代人祭祀上天和祖先。祭天是出于敬畏。中国是农耕社会,靠天吃饭,对执掌风雨寒暑的老天爷非常敬畏。祭祖是出于恭敬,感激祖先给予我们生命。中原各部落都是炎黄子孙,祭祀同一个祖先也有助于提高国家凝聚力。

古人对祭祀非常重视,规模也非常大。比如夏朝在腊月要进行“腊祭”。人们杀猪宰羊,供奉上天和祖先。并且脸涂朱砂,身背鸟翼,又唱又跳,取悦上天,希望上天赐以来年的风调雨顺。这就是春节的雏形。

孔甲弃上天和祖先而不顾去供奉鬼神,引起很多部落的不满。

更可恨的是,他沉溺享乐不理朝政。各部落产生纠纷摩擦他也不管。各部落离心离德,内乱频发,国本发生动摇。很多部落不再顺服夏朝,不再向夏朝朝贡。夏朝盛世不再。

孔甲之后两代夏后试图挽回颓势,但他们的努力最终瞎在了末代夏后夏桀手上。夏桀把夏王朝送进深渊。

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