第二百三十章 硝石制冰(2 / 2)

李佑的大唐 西关钛金 1179 字 2022-04-26

“怎么样...还顺利吗?”李佑看着周胄问道。

“很顺利,我们的一号楼已经完成三层了,再有几天就可以完成四层了...!”周胄回答的很自信。

“墙体什么的,都不会有问题吧?”李佑还是担心水泥的质量。

“请公子放心,我们会一边盖,一边注意它们的硬度...至少现在按照我的经验来说,公子所制作出来的水泥是最好的建造房屋的东西,比糯米液要好上很多倍。

比木制的房子也要坚固很多...!”

“啊...是这样呀...!”听到了行家的夸奖,李佑的心中也是终于有底了。

“对了...!”李佑看着周胄道:“伙食还好吧...天气也要热了,我准备给你们准备一点冰饮...!”

“冰饮...?”周胄有些好奇的问道:“公子,您说的冰饮不会是冰水吧?”

“怎么了...?”李佑笑着点头。

“哎呦...!”周胄连忙感叹的道:“公子,您对我们已经够好了,一个月四贯钱,早上开始就有肉吃,而且还能吃多少吃多少,这已经是天大的恩德了,这冰可实在是太贵了,公子我们可以忍的,喝点井水一样的...!”

周胄这样说,是因为周胄知道冰是很贵重的,中国封建时期的贵族十分的会享受,早在周朝的时候,当时周王室为保证夏天有冰块使用,专门成立了相应的机构管理“冰政”,负责人称“凌人”。

此部门的编制不小,共有80名“职工”。一般从每年冬天的12月起,工人开始采取天然冰块进行储存。

把冬天的冰藏到夏天,再拿出来用,在没有冰箱的当时,古人是怎么做到的呢?

答案:冰

古代的藏冰条件当然没有现代人好,方法也比较简单。

每年大寒季节,古人就开始凿冰储藏,因为这时的冰块最坚硬,不易融化。管理藏冰事务的官吏监督奴隶、农民到水质好的地方凿采,藏到预先准备好的冰窖里。

冰窖都建在阴凉的地方,深入地下。用新鲜稻草跟芦席铺垫,把冰放到上面之后就覆盖稻糠、树叶等隔温材料,然后密封窖口,待来年享用。

由于这样储存,每年大概会有三分之二的藏冰会融化,所以古人常常将藏冰量提高到所需使用冰量的三倍。

要说藏冰的规模,那得数清代,《大清会典》说当时紫禁城内有5口窖,藏冰25000块;景山西门有6口窖,藏冰54000块;德胜门外3口窖,藏冰26700块。有学者根据这些记载推算,5000块藏冰窖的容积,相当于现在一幢五层四单元的住宅楼的体积。

而制冰是大约在唐朝末期,工匠们在生产火药时开采了大量硝石。偶尔他们发现硝石溶于水时会吸收大量的热,能使周围的水将温直至结冰。

于是一些能工巧匠便开始利用硝石开始制冰。

工匠们将水放入罐内,取一个更大的容器,在容器内放水,然后将罐子放在容器内,并不断地在容器中加入硝石,结果罐内的水结成了冰。

硝石是一种白色味苦的晶体,颜色如霜。硝石的化学名称叫硝酸钙,它溶解于水时会吸收大量热量,使周围温度降低以致结成冰。

硝石溶入水后,可以用降温结晶法或蒸发结晶发将硝石再提出来重复使用。有了这种技术,就大大促进了古代制冷市场的繁荣。

当然了,现在还没有硝石制冰,现在的冰都是冬天去深山中挖出来的,价格那叫一个昂贵,也是因为这样,周胄不想李佑弄什么冰饮。

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