第十四章 彼时英国(1 / 2)

大洋彼岸,此时世界的第一强国——大英帝国。鳬</span>

与在城市里的工人同胞只能睡棺材和挂绳子不同,矿工们的“卧室”显然要大得多。

大卫在狭窄逼仄的旧巷道中醒来,他身上盖着的衣服已经满是补丁,这还要感谢他有一个母亲,毕竟巷道中的其他人可都是穿着破洞的衣服。

想到此处大卫有了一点小得意,此时一声尖叫从巷道口传来,是一个女孩发出的。

那是一个漂亮的扎着棕褐色马尾辫的小姑娘,由于她年纪最小又是女孩子,其他的童工们就将巷子口最好的那堆稻草让给了她。

“刚过五点也不知道今天监工发了什么疯这么早就来催人上工!”大卫一边穿好自己破烂的衣服一边向周围的童工们抱怨道。

“昨天晚上八点才下工,这群该死的家伙,招不到工人就拿我们出气!”

吉姆骂道,随即抓起了一只杯子将里面浑浊的液体一饮而尽,然后又从鼻腔里呛出几粒石子。鳬</span>

“过去看看,凯特才七岁,大鼻子那个黑心的家伙下手没轻没重的,别把人打坏了。”

说完两个半大小子就向洞口跑去。

其实为了让童工不打瞌睡,监工们通常会抓着男孩或者女孩的头直接按进水槽里,直到这些恶魔们满意为止。

这招一般都能让人清醒一整天,不过偶尔也会有意外发生,那就是一觉不起。

(此时正处于英国矿工罢工潮期间。)

1844年3月31日,英国最大的煤炭企业以旧合同到期为由要求所有矿工必须签订新合同。

不过在这群资本家还没提出新合同之前,矿工们提出了自己的新合同。鳬</span>

内容如下:

(1)不按容积而按重量计算工资;

(2)过秤时要用普通的经政府检察官检验过的秤和砝码;

(3)受雇期限为半年;

(4)废除罚款制度,按实际做的工作种类付给工资;

(5)矿主有义务保证专门替他工作的工人每星期至少有四天工作,或保证他们每星期领到四天的工资。

在现代人看来这些条款似乎意义不大,但是当时英国矿工面对的情况是煤是按重量出卖的,但工人的工资是按容积支付的。鳬</span>

但现实是煤炭这种东西是固体而并非液体,所以矿桶是很难看出装没装满的。

根据当时矿场上的规定矿桶没有完全装满,他就一点工资也拿不到,可是装多了也不会多得一分钱。

同时如果矿桶里的沙子超过了一定量,那么工业不仅得不到工钱,还要因为“欺骗”工头而遭到罚款。

但是煤矿中沙子含量的多少,并不是矿工决定的,而是通常取决于煤层的深浅。

当时罚款是没有明文规定的,罚多少怎么罚完全看监工和老板的兴致和“良心”。

所以没人敢惹监工,因为一旦惹恼了对方不但拿不到工资,甚至还得倒向企业缴纳罚款。

至于为啥过秤时要用经政府检察官检验过的秤和砝码,这个原因也很简单。缺斤少两可不只存在于东方,西方人玩得更厉害。鳬</span>

良心点的用铅做砝码,黑心的直接用十公斤砝码当五公斤砝码用。当时英国还有一条奇葩的法律,那便是如果工人要控告矿厂砝码不准必须提前三个星期上报。

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