第11章 引水与大水车(2 / 2)

顾千户道:“如今天下都是一样,我在镇西卫的那些田地,也同样是如此。唉,和往年相比,如年这各处田地,收成是十不如一啊。”

黄来福道:“爹,世伯,孩子此次游历大江南北,对于田地缺水,倒是想到了一些解决法子。”

顾千户不由大感兴趣,坐直了身子道:“哦,贤侄有什么好法子,不妨说来听听。”

众人也都是看着黄来福,顾云娘也是俏目斜斜地看向黄来福,想听听他有什么好的解决办法。

黄来福道:“爹,世伯,孩儿观各处田地缺水,有两种情况,一种是田地靠近河边,因河水干枯,河岸过高,水车无法引水上岸,或是引上的水量极少,以至守着河水无法灌溉田地。二种是那些不靠近河边的田地,则是大部分都抛荒了。看这年景,以后同样是雨量稀少,不能指望老天爷的恩赐了,只能靠取地下水与想办法引水上岸。”

见众人不明白的样子,他仔细解说道:“对于引取河水,现今堡内的龙骨水车引水太浅,已不足为用,不过孩儿在江南一带,看到一种大水车,可引水达六、七丈之高(约20米),足以满足河边田地所需,还不需人力或畜力,以水流带动即可。”

顾千户吸了口气:“可引水达六、七丈之高?”他喃喃道:“如此一来,不管水位多高,只要河中还有流水,就可引水使用了。”

黄思豪急迫地道:“我儿,那水车制作法子,你可知道?”

黄来福微笑道:“爹爹放心,孩儿当时见到此物时,便已仔细询问相干匠人,并已牢记水车制作方法!”

黄来福说的那大水车,就是筒车的一种了,特别是以黄河大水车为参考,他昨晚谋划时,知道此后大明朝几十年都会严重缺水,就查看了相关的电脑资料,这水车筒车之类的引水工具,自然也在他的思考之中。当然,那水车的具体制作细节,等闲下来时,他还要再去找电脑看看。

其实这筒车,早在唐代就已出现,并从人力畜力提水发展为水力提水。这黄河大水车,更是筒车应用的精华表现。据记载,最早黄河大水车是明嘉靖年间兰州人段续创造的。

段续在游览西南各地时,发现那里多用筒车汲水灌田,利用水力将低处的河流溪水提往高处灌田,很感兴趣,想起自己家乡人民虽然倚水而居,但因黄河河岸太高,水面与农田的垂直距离较高,守着黄河喝不上水,便命人绘图带回兰州,并两次赴西南考察,终于创造成功。

段续是兰州人,所以又叫兰州大水车。兰州大水车气魄古朴宏大,在世界中,与荷兰的大风车并列双绝,荣登国家名片。

其实中国古代科技发达,各种发明不绝,不说筒车,单说以人力或畜生为动力的龙骨水车,不但是我国,也是世界上最早的水车。西方迟至1500年后才能制造这种以链轮传动、翻板提升为工作原理的水车。

只是在古代农业社会,男耕女织的自然经济时代,交通封闭,科技推广一向缓慢,再加上很多科技,往往需要高投入,这是自然小农户所不能承受的。所以虽然古代发明众多,但很多科技往往只是地方性的,区域性的使用,很难推广到全国,为其它地方所用。再加上战乱等原因,古代很多技术往往失传。

筒车在唐时就出现,但一直到明朝段续出现,才使用于黄河沿岸。在没制成水车前的家乡,几百年中,一直守着黄河水奔流东去,而岸上大片的农田却无法浇灌。

不要说古代,就是在21世纪机械科技非常发达的时候,在中国一些地区还是坚持着几千年来一人一牛一犁的耕作方式,可见自然经济的顽强。

此时的五寨堡也是面临同样的情况,堡中没人知道关于筒车,黄河兰州大水车的知识,和段续以前的家乡一样,同样是守着清涟河水奔流西去,而岸上大片的农田却无法浇灌。

不过黄来福来了,事情将会很快得到改变。

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