第175章长社之战(一)(1 / 2)

回到三国打天下 天翔 1643 字 2022-05-01

现在这支队伍全是骑兵,因此行军的度很快,第二天,大军便到了黄河边上,而他们渡河的地点,也正是后来因为曹操和袁绍的一场大战而名闻天下的官渡。

此时的黄河水势宏大,远非老刘所见过的后世可比,而官渡也正是因为地处黄河南岸的官渡水一带而得名,其实当时的渡口是在延津,现在正值雨季,因此黄河水位很高,虽然也很浑浊,但是比起后世来可就好的多了。

四万多大军在延津一带找来了很多船只,但是毕竟人多船少,结果整整过了两天,上百条小船才经过了不知多少个来回,将北岸的官军全部运到了黄河南岸。

当晚大军便到了临近延津渡

口的官渡,由于天色已晚,大军便在官渡扎营过夜。

来了兴致的老刘拉着戏志才、曹操、袁术几人,带着几名武将做保镖,征得皇甫嵩的同意之后,便到城中找了一家酒店喝酒,同时也向当地人打听清楚了官渡的情况。

官渡,在中牟县城之北,官渡水南岸,这一带在今天看来,早已是平畴沃野,一马平川,毫无地理优势可言,但在公元18o年的东汉末年,这里却非同寻常。

官渡本非地名,而是一条河流的名字,这条河就叫官渡水,而如今看来,官渡水就是汴水和鸿沟,根据史书记载,它源于荥阳,汉高祖刘备与西楚霸王项羽当时的楚汉中分之界,便是当时的官渡水。

时至今日,在地图上已经很难再寻找到官渡水的踪影,只是在河南中牟县城东北两公里处,有个官渡桥村,相传是因为这个村庄临近在官渡水上所建的官渡桥而得名,该村之西,有贾鲁河缓缓流过,而这条河便是由后来元代时的贾鲁河并官渡水与莨荡渠汇集而成。

官渡水之于官渡,非常重要,那时候的黄河,并非在原阳与中牟之间,而是在白马(今滑县)、延津之北的地方,黄河本为天险,但在黄河与官渡之间,缺乏足够的屏障,官渡水自然成为不二选择。

官渡水成为天然的屏障,但这也并非官渡之战曹操选择官渡作为主战场的原因,更重要的一点,这里还有另外一个更天然的屏障,这个屏障就是圃田泽,位于官渡的西端。

圃田泽又作莆田,《周礼?职方》中说:“河南曰豫州,其泽薮曰莆田。”其春秋时称原圃,战国又名囿中,它的大名,在《诗经?小雅》中,有十多诗歌中都有提及。

圃田泽在当代的中牟与郑州之间,东西长四十里许,从官渡延伸到郑州东侧的今郑东新区,南北长二十里许,从中牟县中部直抵黄河南岸,由于大量的泥沙淤积,“中有沙罔”,被分割成二十四个浅狭湖泊,其间各有“津流径通,渊潭相接”。

圃田泽北通黄河,东连济水、莨荡渠,“水盛则被注,渠溢则南播”,成为黄河与官渡水之间调节流量的水库;从宋代起继续起着调节汴河流量的作用;元代以后,随着汴河的淤废,圃田泽不断受到黄河南泛的灌淤;明万历年间,已变成由若干大小陂塘组成的沼泽洼地;清代以后则进一步被开垦为农田。

如今,除了在郑州有个圃田镇以外,再也找不到圃田泽的踪迹。但在公元18o年时,因其水泽遍布,不可通行,成为曹操以许都为中心的豫州之地北部的天然屏障。

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