第四十六章清风斋里论天下(一)(1 / 2)

马踏胡尘 野狐禅观 1644 字 2022-05-09

王根顿了顿:“刘 豹、刘渊父子为南匈奴单于的后裔。汉献帝建安二十一年七月,南匈奴单于呼厨泉来朝贺,被扣留在邺城。魏王曹操借机将南匈奴分为五部,选汉人为司马加以监督,刘 豹为左部师居于新兴。

刘渊生于嘉平时期,魏元帝咸熙年间在洛阳作人质,受到晋王司马昭的厚待。到了大晋泰始年间,并州人王浑多次向晋武帝推荐刘渊,武帝准备让他也参与平吴事宜,遭孔恂劝谏而作罢。

太康十年,刘 豹病故,刘渊代父为左部帅,晋武帝以刘渊为匈奴北部都尉。

朝廷有意削弱刘渊与部落的关系,迁为离石将兵都尉,刘渊则利用此职位的权限暗中扩展势力。晋惠帝即位后由杨骏辅政,杨骏为拉拢刘渊,执政后封他为建威将军、五部大都督,封汉光卿侯,给予统率匈奴五部军事的大权。

十八年前,也就是永兴元年三月,成都王、河间王联军讨伐齐王司马冏,攻占洛阳。不久,东海王司马越挟持晋惠帝攻邺城,荡阴之战司马颖击败司马越,进而将晋惠帝留在邺城。这时成都王司马颖为了扩大自己的势力极力拉拢刘渊,加强刘渊在匈奴五部中的地位,并命刘渊居邺城,以便控制。

原北部都尉、右贤王刘宣与各部贵族商议共推刘渊为大单于,遣其党呼延攸到邺城与刘渊联络。刘渊借口回部会葬,成都王不允,于是遣呼延攸回归,告知刘宣等召集五部及杂胡,声言助司马颖,实为反晋作准备。

八月,东海王派系的司马腾、王浚率段部鲜卑、乌桓势力发兵进攻邺城。在邺城带兵的左贤王刘渊见机再次请求返回左国城,愿以调发匈奴五部援助成都王司马颖,司马颖迫于形势危急,采纳其建议而准其西还,并拜刘渊为北单于。

刘渊以召旧部援助成都王司马颖为由回到了并州离石,预谋已久的刘宣等推刘渊为大单于,起兵反晋,二十日之间就聚众五万,定都离石。东赢公、并州刺史司马腾向鲜卑拓跋猗迤求兵攻打刘渊,拓跋猗迤与弟拓跋猗卢联合在西河进攻刘渊,击败刘渊军后,在汾东与司马腾结盟后回师。

十一月,刘渊从离石迁至左国城,来归附的胡、晋人很多。为争得胡人政权的合理性,刘渊以‘兄亡弟绍’复汉为名义,筑坛于南郊即汉王位,大赦境内,改晋永兴元年为元熙元年,定国号为汉,正式建立政权。同时,追谥刘禅为孝怀皇帝,立汉高祖以下汉三祖五宗神主而祭之,立其妻呼延氏为王后,置百官,以刘宣为丞相,崔游为御史大夫,刘宏为太尉。

十二月,晋并州刺史司马腾遣兵攻匈奴汉国,双方大战于大陵,刘渊大胜,并遣从子刘曜等攻取上党、太原、西河各郡县。反贼王弥、汲桑、羯人石勒,鲜卑人陆逐延,氐人单征等人均拥刘渊为共主。刘渊命王弥、石勒等人攻取河北各郡县,并一度攻入重镇许昌,其兵锋直抵首都洛阳城。

永嘉二年十月,刘渊在左国城正式称帝,大赦境内,改年号为永凤。以大将军刘和为大司马,封梁王,尚书令刘欢乐为大司徒,封陈留王,御史大夫呼延翼为大司空,宗室以亲疏为等,悉封郡县王,异姓以勋谋为差,皆封郡县公侯。

永嘉三年正月,刘渊采纳建议,迁都平阳,宣布大赦,改年号为河瑞。

四月,晋左积弩将军朱诞投奔了汉国,详尽陈述洛阳守备薄弱的现状,并劝刘渊趁机发兵攻打。刘渊命朱诞为前锋都督,刘景为大都督,统军攻克黎阳。刘景在延津击败晋将王堪,下令将三万多男女投入黄河淹死,又派遣四子刘聪进攻包围洛阳。

同年夏季,刘渊以王弥担任侍中、都督六州诸军事,征东大将军、青州牧,与楚王刘聪合兵进攻壶关,以羯人石勒担任前锋都督。并州刺史刘琨派遣护军黄肃、韩述救援壶关,刘聪在西涧打败韩述,石勒在封田打败黄肃,将两人都杀了。晋太傅司马越派遣淮南内史王旷、将军施融、曹超带兵抵御刘聪等人。王旷军渡过黄河后,翻越太行山与刘聪遭遇,激战于长平地带,王旷所部大败,施融、曹超战死。刘聪趁势攻陷屯留、长子,斩敌一万九千。上党太守庞淳献壶关而降,刘琨以都尉张倚遥领上党太守,屯据襄垣。

不久,刘渊命其子刘聪和王弥进攻洛阳,刘曜和赵固等人作为后继。晋东海王司马越派平北将军曹武、将军宋抽、彭默等人迎战,晋军大败,刘聪等率军迅速到达宜阳。平昌公司马模派将军淳于定、吕毅等率军从长安讨伐刘聪军,在宜阳决战,淳于定等大败。刘聪依仗连续的胜利,没有设防,弘农太守垣延假称投降,乘夜偷袭,刘聪军大败而回,刘渊穿着白衣服前来迎接。

同年冬,再次征发士卒,刘渊派遣刘聪、王弥与刘曜、刘景等人率领精锐骑兵五万进攻洛阳,派呼延翼率步兵接应,在黄河南面将晋军打败。刘聪进军,驻扎在洛阳西明门,晋护军贾胤乘夜接近他们,在大夏门大战,斩杀刘聪的将领呼延颢,呼延颢军溃败。刘聪向南撤退,在洛水构筑壁垒,不久,又进驻宣阳门,刘曜驻扎在上东门,王弥驻扎在广阳门,刘景攻击大夏门,刘聪亲自到中岳嵩山求神,命令将领刘厉、呼延朗等负责指挥留守的士兵。

东海王司马越命令参军孙询、将军丘光、楼裒等人率领手下勇士三千,从宣阳门攻击并斩杀呼延朗。刘聪得到消息后快马赶回,刘厉因害怕刘聪给自己治罪,于是投水而死,刘渊派黄门郎傅询快马召刘聪等回师。王弥从轘辕撤出,司马越派薄盛等人率兵追击,双方在新汲大战,王弥军大败,于是整顿蒲阪的防守,回到平阳。

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